Effect of Retinoic Acid Derivatives Using Polyethylene Glycol(PEG), Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone(PVP) on Dermal Wound Healing

Retinoids are compounds with pleiotropic functions, selectively targeting certain skin structures. They are vitamins which must be derived from diet because retinol(vitamin A) is not synthesized in the body, and also they are hormones with intracrine activity, because retinol is transformed into molecules that bind to nuclear receptors, exhibit their activity, and are subsequently inactivated. Enhanced healing of full-thickness skin wounds has been demonstrated in early wound healing studies. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to observe the chemical and histologic effects of topical retinoid derivatives(0.05%) applied directly to the dermal wound of guinea pig. METHODS: We prepared five kinds of retinoid derivative, applied each one on the wound on back of guinea pig. After 4 and 8 weeks, each wound was observed under microscope and analyzed for the amount of the collagen. RESULTS: Among the newly developed retinoid derivatives, PVP-RA(ester form) was the most effective in wound healing of the dermal damaged guinea pig. CONCLUSION: Retionid derivatives were effective in dermal wound healing if well prepared.

The Evaluation of the Effect of Aminophylline Injection to Subcutaneous Fat Reduction

The obesity induce not only physical problem, but psychological and emotional problem. The focus of body contour procedures is the body's unequal distribution of fat. Aminophylline is a 2-adrenaline agonist, an adenosine inhibitor, and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It activates c-AMP, and facilitates lipolysis. Forty rats were used to study the effect of aminophylline subcutaneous injection, and divided in four groups, In the control group(n=10), saline was injected to subcutaneous fat of the abdomen. In the experimental group, aminophylline 50 mg/kg(n=10), 100 mg/kg(n=10) and 200 mg/kg(n=10) were injected. The injection was done daily for three weeks. The four groups were measured by weight, abdomen circumference, biochemistry, and histopathological test. There were no difference among the four groups. In conclusion, aminophylline subcutaneous injection is not effective in the reduction of regional and systemic fat.

Comparison of Treatment Effect between Superficial Suction and Subdermal Excision in Osmidrosis

Osmidrosis develops in many young people due to the apocrine gland becoming active after the adolescent period and can cause difficulty in social activities and personal relationships. We compared 2 surgical treatment methods for osmidrosis, superficial suction and subdermal excision, to determine how many of apocrine glands could be removed and examine if a significant difference was present in treatment outcome. The subjects used for the present study included 62 patients of whom 46 patients underwent subdermal excision and 16, superficial suction. We counted the total number of apocrine glands in tissue samples obtained using those 2 methods, fixed in formalin and treated with usual histologic treatment. We calculated the number of apocrine glands per unit area by measuring the axillary area of the surgery site determined before surgery. The patients who underwent surgery using those 2 methods were divided into satisfactory group and unsatisfactory group by evaluating the results subjectively and objectively after surgery. The satisfactory rate was 95.7% in 46 patients who underwent subdermal excision and 81.25% in 16 patients who underwent superficial suction. An average of 127.82 apocrine glands/ cm2 were removed through subdermal excision and 72.71 apocrine glands/cm2, through superficial suction. We determined that more apocrine glands were removed with a statistical significance using subdermal excision. However, considering the result that 81.25% satisfactory rate was seen despite 57% of apocrine glands being removed with superficial suction compared with subdermal excision, superficial suction would be also effective in reducing the number of apocrine glands to below a threshold.

Dual Plane Midface Lift Through Subperiosteal and Subcutaneous Dissection

The standard SMAS face lift and deep plane face lift don't adequately correct an aging midface, especially nasojugal groove and nasolabial fold. An endoscopic subperiosteal and subcutaneous midface lift reposition the midface tissue more superiorly and successfully rejuvanate the nasojugal groove and nasolabial fold, creating a more youthful appearance. This study is about endoscopic subperiosteal and subcutaneous midface lift which had been performed to 13 patients in our hospital from April 1999 to April 2001. The deep layer of the midface soft tissue is suspended by subperiosteal dissection and the superficial layer, including skin and malar fat pad, suspended by subcutaneous dissection. Both subperiosteal and subcutaneous planes are easy and safe dissection planes which prevent injury of the facial nerve branches. The endoscopic midface lift with subperiosteal and the subcutaneous dissections is an effective method to correct infraorbital hollowness, nasojugal groove and nasolabial fold.

Model Development of School Mental Health Service: 1. A School-Based Study on the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Elementary Students / 신경정신의학

As an initial step for promoting a mental health service for elementary school children, a school-based epidemiologic study on children's mental problems and their social background was conducted. The subjects were 3,021 students from 20 elementary schools in a rural community in Korea. The epidemiologic study consisted of two stages, initial screening using the Child Behavior Check List(CBCL) and a structured psychiatric evaluation. After the study, we received feedback from teachers and parents. The results were as follows: 1) Initially, 251(8.3%) students with total CBCL score higher than 54 were selected as problem children. Among the 251 students, only 31 had completed a structured psychiatric evaluation, and 71%(22 students) of them met the DSM-III-R citeria of psychiatric disorders. 2) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most common problem in both sexes, followed by oppositional defiant disorder in males and depression and anxiety disorder in females. Other students also had borderline intellectual functioning, learning disorders, somatoform disorder, sleep disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder 3) The socio-environmental factors that were significantly related with mental health problems were poor economic status and little education in parents, no family religion, and children living with their maternal grandmother or with a single parent. Students who had mental problems also showed low levels of social competence. 4) The feedback from parents and teachers showed that the stigma of mental disorders, limitations of available time, and a poor understanding and lack of knowledge on the par of parents and teachers were the major obstacles in mental health service. Based on these results, the future direction of research and practice of school mental health was discussed.